Contents Linoleic Acid (18:2 ω; –ɔ) 53 – 60% γ;-Linolenic Acid (18:3 ω;-6) 1-4% α;-Linolenic Acid (18:3ω;-3)  15–ᜥ% Stearidonic Acid (18:4 ω;-3) 0.4– 2% Total Unsaturated Fatty Acids  ᝥ-91% Availablein a 250-ml bottle or in a 200-capsule bottle (containing per capsule: 1000 mg of hemp seed oil) RecommendedDosage: 1-2 tablespoonfuls per day or 5 capsulesin the morning and in the evening. Hempseed oil has a very high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids – about 90%.This is one of the highest concentrations of fatty acids found in the nature – even higher than flaxseed oil. It has the highest concentration of ω-3 fattyacids of any common plant, except for flaxseed oil. However, unlike flaxseedoil, hemp seed oil also contains high concentrations of ω-6 fatty acids. Thisincludes 1-4% of γ;-linolenic acid (18:3 ω;-6) - GLA, which is also found in eveningprimrose oil, black current oil and borage oil. Hemp seed oil is unique insupplying both the ω-3 and ω;-6 fatty acids in high concentrations. Humansare unable to biosynthesize ω;-3 and ω;-6 series of fatty acids andare ultimately completely dependent upon the plant kingdom for these essentialfatty acids. Omega–ɔ fatty acids are the precursors to the prostanoid 2 series; α;-linolenicacid is a precursor to the prostanoid 3 series. GLA is especially important forthe production of the prostanoid 2 series. Hempseed oil contains the ω;-6 series (linoleic acid) and the ω-3 series (α-linolenicacid) in approximately a 3:1 ratio. Thisis the ratio, which comes closest to the ideal ratio for these fatty acids. Cardiovasculardisease (CVD) Hempseed oil lowers total cholesterol levels (LDL and VLDL) and increases HDL andreduces platelet clotting and blood pressure. Hemp seed oil may be beneficialin CVD such as angina, intermittent claudication and varicose veins andthrombosis. Inflammatoryconditions Theseare ameliorated because essential fatty acids are precursors to compounds,which have anti-inflammatory activity. Hemp seed oil may be of aid in suchconditions as arthritis, LSE, scleroderma, inflammatory bowel syndrome andulcers. Skin Diseases Omega-6 fatty acids are beneficial in cases of psoriasis, eczema and dermatitis.This is due to the anti-inflammatory action of essential fatty acids, sincethese conditions have an inflammatory component. Nervous System Thebrain is made up of about 60% lipid: both ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids are importantfor brain function. Docohexaenoic acid in particular is very important forbrain development, and is derived from ω-3 fatty acids. Essentialfatty acids have been used to treat depression. Mineral Absorption The ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids improve the absorption of minerals, including calcium,which must be absorbed in adequate quantities to prevent osteoporosis. Immune System Theessential fatty acids are precursors to prostaglandins, which modulate theimmune system. T-cell function may be improved through administration of these fatty acids. Mechanism ofAction Theseries 3 prostanoids (P3’;s) which are derived from linoleic acid exhibitproperties antagonistic to series 2 prostanoids, derived from arachidonic acid. P3’ssynergistically have anti-platelet clotting and vasodilatory properties. Thereare three major reasons for this. Firstly, thromboxane3, (TX3) has considerablyless potent platelet clotting and vasoconstrictive properties than TX2 -themost plentiful thromboxane, which is derived from arachidonic acid. Secondly,prostacyclin 3 is equally or more potent in its anti-platelet aggregation andvasodilatory properties than prostacyclin 2 - the commonly occurring prostacyclin, derived from arachidonic acid. Inaddition, a high load of precursor i.e. gamma-linolenic acid slows down theconversion of arachidonic acid to P2’s. The net effect is an improvement incardiovascular function. Similar effects come into play, when leukotrienes areconsidered. These mediate inflammatory reactions. The ω-3 series are precursors to the LK-5 series ofleukotrienes, whilst arachidonic acid is the precursor to the very potent LK-4series.