Composition Linoleic Acid (18:2 ω; –6) 53 – 60% γ;-Linolenic Acid (18:3 ω;-6) 1-4% α;-Linolenic Acid (18:3ω;-3)  15–25% Stearidonic Acid (18:4 ω;-3) 0.4– 2% Total Unsaturated Fatty Acids  89-91% Cold-pressed hemp seed oil, available in a 250-ml bottle or in a 300-capsule bottle (containing per capsule: 1000 mg of hemp seed oil) Recommended Dosage: 1-2 tablespoonfuls per day or 5 capsules in the morning and in the evening. Hemp seed oil has a very high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids –about 90%. This is one of the highest concentrations of fatty acids found in nature – even higher than flaxseed oil. It has the highest concentration of ω-3 fatty acids of any common plant, except for flaxseed oil. However, unlike flaxseed oil, hemp seed oil also contains high concentrations of ω-6 fatty acids. This includes 1-4% of γ-linolenic acid (18:3 ω-6) - GLA, which is also found in evening primrose oil, black current oil and borage oil. Hemp seed oil is unique in supplying both the ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids in high concentrations.  Humans are unable to biosynthesize ω-3 and ω-6 series of fatty acids and are ultimately completely dependent upon the plant kingdom for these essential fatty acids. Omega –6 fatty acids are the precursors to the prostanoid 2 series; α-linolenic acid is a precursor to the prostanoid 3 series. GLA is especially important for the production of the prostanoid 2 series. Hemp seed oil contains the ω-6 series (linoleic acid) and the ω-3 series (α-linolenic acid) in approximately a 3:1 ratio.  This is the ratio, which comes closest to the ideal ratio for these fatty acids. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) Hemp seed oil lowers total cholesterol levels (LDL and VLDL) and increases HDL and reduces platelet clotting and blood pressure. Hemp seed oil may be beneficial in CVD such as angina, intermittent claudication and varicose veins and thrombosis. Inflammatory conditions These are ameliorated because essential fatty acids are precursors to compounds, which have anti-inflammatory activity. Hemp seed oil may be of aid in such conditions as arthritis, LSE, scleroderma, inflammatory bowel syndrome and ulcers. Skin Diseases Omega -6 fatty acids are beneficial in cases of psoriasis, eczema and dermatitis. This is due to the anti-inflammatory action of essential fatty acids, since these conditions have an inflammatory component. Nervous System  The brain is made up of about 60% lipid: both ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids are important for brain function. Docohexaenoic acid in particular is very important for brain development, and is derived from ω-3 fatty acids. Essential fatty acids have been used to treat depression. Mineral Absorption The ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids improve the absorption of minerals, including calcium, which must be absorbed in adequate quantities to prevent osteoporosis. Immune System The essential fatty acids are precursors to prostaglandins, which modulate the immune system. T-cell function may be improved through administration of these fatty acids. Mechanism of Action The series 3 prostanoids (P3’s) which are derived from linoleic acid exhibit properties antagonistic to series 2 prostanoids, derived from arachidonic acid. P3’s synergistically have anti-platelet clotting and vasodilatory properties. There are three major reasons for this. Firstly, thromboxane3, (TX3) has considerably less potent platelet clotting and vasoconstrictive properties than TX2 -the most plentiful thromboxane, which is derived from arachidonic acid. Secondly, prostacyclin 3 is equally or more potent in its anti-platelet aggregation and vasodilatory properties than prostacyclin 2  - the commonly occurring prostacyclin, derived from arachidonic acid. In addition, a high load of precursor i.e. gamma-linolenic acid slows down the conversion of arachidonic acid to P2’s. The net effect is an improvement in cardiovascular function.   Similar effects come into play, when leukotrienes are considered. These mediate inflammatory reactions. The ω-3 series are precursors to the LK-5 series of leukotrienes, whilst arachidonic acid is the precursor to the very potent LK-4 series.